Applying a particle beam to a patient

ABSTRACT

An apparatus includes a yoke having a first end and a second end. The yoke is configured to hold a device that includes an aperture and a range compensation structure. A catch arm is pivotally secured to the first end of the yoke. The catch arm includes a locking feature. The locking feature and the second end of the yoke interface, respectively, to a first retention feature and a second retention feature defined by the aperture and the range compensation structure. The locking feature is configured to interface to the first retention feature and the second end of the yoke is configured to interface to the second retention feature.

CLAIM OF PRIORITY

This application is a continuation and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §120 to U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 11/870,961, filed Oct. 11, 2007 now U.S. Pat. No. 8,003,964, the entire content is hereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

This description relates to applying a particle beam to a patient.

For therapy on a tumor, for example, a proton beam should be applied to all of the tumor and to none of the surrounding normal tissue, to the extent possible. An applicator can be placed across the therapy beam near the patient to help to control which tissue the proton beam reaches.

SUMMARY

Described herein is an apparatus comprising a yoke and a catch arm. The yoke comprises a first end and a second end, and is configured to hold a device comprising an aperture and a range compensation structure. The catch arm is pivotally secured to the first end of the yoke. The catch arm comprises a locking feature. The locking feature and the second end of the yoke interface, respectively, to a first retention feature and a second retention feature defined by the aperture and the range compensation structure. The locking feature is configured to interface to the first retention feature and the second end of the yoke is configured to interface to the second retention feature. The apparatus may comprise one or more of the following features, either alone or in combination.

The yoke may define a groove configured to receive a rim contained on the device. The second end of the yoke may comprise a pivot feature comprising a rounded protrusion and the first retention feature may comprise a notch on at least one of the aperture and the range compensation structure. The locking feature may comprise a hook and the second retention feature may comprise a notch on at least one of the aperture and the range compensation structure.

The apparatus may comprise a catch arm locking feature defined by the yoke to inhibit rotation of the catch arm. The catch arm locking feature may be for engaging a catch arm lock of the device. The catch arm lock may comprise a latch plate that is positionable to engage the catch arm locking feature. The catch arm locking feature may be configured to spring bias the latch plate.

The apparatus may comprise an indicator switch to detect locked and unlocked positions of the catch arm. At least one spring biased plunger may be on the yoke and may be configured to urge the device against the locking feature.

Also described herein is a method of loading a device onto a device holder. The method comprises positioning a first retention feature defined by the device so as to be received by a pivot feature defined by a yoke of the device holder, moving the device over the pivot feature and into the holder, and securing a second retention feature defined by the device with a locking feature defined by a catch arm pivotally secured to the yoke. The method may also comprise aligning a rim defined by the device with a groove defined by the yoke.

Also described herein is a proton applicator mount that comprises a base, a plurality of rollers associated with the base and configured to support a proton applicator, at least one alignment block associated with the base and configured to receive a corresponding alignment post of a proton applicator, and a locking clamp associated with the base. The locking clamp comprises a clamp bar, a handle attached to the clamp bar, a rotatable shaft carried by the base, and first and second hinges secured to the clamp bar and to the shaft. Each hinge comprises a hinge block defining a cam aperture and a cam path slot, a cam secured to the shaft and rotatably carried in the cam aperture of the hinge block, and a cam path protrusion on the base and configured to be received by the cam path slot. The cam aperture and the cam path slot are for guiding rotational and radial movement of the hinge block about the shaft. The proton applicator mount may also comprise one or more of the following features, either alone or in combination.

The cam may define a limit feature configured to be received by a corresponding cam aperture limit feature defined by the hinge block to limit rotation of the cam. The clamp bar may comprise at least one alignment block configured to receive a corresponding alignment post of the proton applicator.

The proton applicator mount may comprise a dovetail feature on the base and configured to align the proton applicator. The alignment block may define a substantially V-shaped groove. The alignment block may define a substantially conical receptacle. The handle may comprise a latch configured to be received by a latch receiver disposed on the base. Each cam of the first and second hinges may be spring biased.

Also described herein is a transport cart for a proton applicator. The transport cart comprises a cart body, a plurality of rollers disposed on an upper portion of the cart body and configured to support a proton applicator, at least one docking interlock comprising a docking protrusion extending outwardly from the cart body and configured to be received by a docking plate disposed on a docking target, a docking cam pivotally attached to the docking protrusion and configured to engage the docking plate to retain the cart against the docking target, and at least one applicator interlock comprising a locking cam pivotally attached to the upper portion of the cart body and spring biased to a locking position, the locking cam being configured to retain a proton applicator.

Also described herein is a method of loading a proton applicator onto a radiation beam delivery system. The method comprises docking a transport cart carrying the proton applicator against the radiation beam delivery system. At least one docking interlock of the transport cart engages and retains the transport cart against the radiation beam delivery system. The docking interlock comprises a docking protrusion extending outwardly from the cart body and configured to be received by a docking plate disposed on the radiation beam delivery system, and a docking cam pivotally attached to the docking protrusion and configured to engage the docking plate to retain the cart against the radiation beam delivery system. The method also comprises moving the proton applicator over a plurality cart rollers supporting the proton applicator and disposed on the transport cart across onto a plurality mount rollers disposed on a proton applicator mount of the radiation beam delivery system. The method may comprise one or more of the following features, either alone or in combination.

The method may comprise disengaging an applicator interlock disposed on the cart before moving the proton applicator. The applicator interlock may comprise a locking cam pivotally attached to the cart and configured to retain the proton applicator. The method may comprise engaging a locking clamp disposed on a base of the proton applicator mount after receiving the proton applicator. The locking clamp may comprise a clamp bar, a handle attached to the clamp bar, a rotatable shaft carried by the base, and first and second hinges secured to the clamp bar and the shaft. Each hinge may comprise a hinge block defining a cam aperture and a cam path slot, a cam secured to the shaft and rotatably carried in the cam aperture of a corresponding hinge block, and a cam path protrusion disposed on the base and configured to be received by the cam path slot. The cam aperture and the cam path slot are for guiding rotational and radial movement of the hinge block about the shaft.

These and other features and aspects and combinations of them can be expressed as methods, apparatus, systems, and means for performing functions and in other ways. Any of the foregoing features may be combined to form embodiments not specifically described herein.

Other features and advantages will be apparent from the description and the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1 through 5 are perspective views of a holder.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a patient aperture and range compensator assembly.

FIG. 7 is a top view of a patient aperture.

FIG. 8 is a side view of a patient aperture.

FIG. 9 is a side view of a range compensator.

FIG. 10 is a top view of a range compensator.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an applicator and an applicator mount system.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of an applicator mount system.

FIG. 13 is a bottom perspective view of a proton applicator.

FIGS. 14-15 are side views of a hinge .

FIG. 16 is a side view of a handle latch.

FIGS. 17-19 are perspective views of a transport cart.

FIGS. 20-21 are side views of a transport cart docking interlock.

FIGS. 22-23 are side views of a proton applicator interlock.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A proton applicator system (PAS) provides final collimation and range compensation of a proton beam to a clinical target, such as tumor, within a patient. The PAS can also shield other patient tissues from radiation intended for the target.

Referring to FIGS. 1-3, a holder 100 holds a device 200 that is part of a proton applicator system (e.g. a patient aperture and a range compensator) in a loaded position. A patient aperture may be used to limit the extent of application of a proton beam to patient tissue. A range compensator may be used to provide vertical compensation (e.g., height) relative to the patient tissue for the proton applicator. The holder 100 includes a main yoke piece 110 having first and second ends 111 and 112, respectively, and a pivot feature 122 (e.g., a protrusion) on the stationary yoke 110. The stationary yoke 110 may be arc-shaped or any other shape. The pivot feature 122 may include a rounded protrusion located near the first end 111 of the stationary yoke 110.

The device 200 includes a device body 210 defining first and second retention features 212 and 214, respectively. The first and second retention features 212, 214 may include notches that are defined by the device body 210. The pivot feature 122 may be configured to receive the first retention feature 212 of the device 200. The device 200 is pivoted over the pivot feature 122 into the holder 100. The holder 100 includes a locking catch 130 pivotally attached to the second end 112 of the stationary yoke 110 and a locking feature 134 (e.g., a hook) to receive the second retention feature 214 of the device 200, thereby retaining the device 200 in the holder 100. The locking catch 130 may be spring-biased toward a locking position with a spring 136. The device 200 may be held in the holder 100 axially by an associated rim 220 received by a groove 120 defined by the stationary yoke 110. The shape and size of the retention features 212, 214, the pivot feature 122, and locking feature 134 are scalable with outer dimensions of the device 200.

Referring to FIG. 3, the holder 100 includes an indicator switch 140 to detect a presence of the device 200 and the locked or unlocked positions of the catch 130. Spring-loaded plungers 145 on the holder 100 aid ejection of the device 200 upon release of the locking catch 130. The spring-loaded plungers 145 also keep the device 200 against the pivot feature 122. Locking feature 134 is arranged to reduce movement or tolerance jitter, which in turn makes for repeatable insertion of device 200 into the holder. The holder 100 may remain accurate and repeatable for hundreds of cycles.

Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, the holder 100 includes a secondary locking mechanism 150. FIG. 4 illustrates holder 100 in the locked position and FIG. 5 illustrates the holder 100 in the unlocked position. In this example, a user activates a secondary release button 152 and slightly rotates the locking catch 130 to release the device 200 from the holder 100. A latch plate 154 connected to the secondary release button 152 and the locking catch 130 is loaded in the locked position with a compression spring 156. The latch plate 154 locks the catch 130 in the loaded position by toggling into a recess 158 defined by the stationary yoke 110. When the secondary release button 152 and latch plate 154 are pulled forward, a secondary release linkage plunger 160 is moved into a detent 155 defined by the latch plate 154, thereby locking the latch plate 154 in a forward position, and allowing rotation of the locking catch 130. The secondary release linkage plunger 160 is biased by a spring 162 toward the detent 155. The device 200 can be safely removed manually.

As the device 200 is inserted into the holder 100 by placing the first retention feature 212 of the device 200 on the pivot feature 122 and rotating the device 200 into the holder 100, the locking catch 130 pivots or rotates into the second retention feature 214 of the device 200 to retain the device 200. As the device 200 rotates into the holder 100, the secondary release linkage plunger 160 is actuated up into the catch 130, allowing the latch plate 154 to lock into the recess 158 defined by the stationary yoke 110. The locked latch plate 154 reduces the chances that the catch 130 will inadvertently rotate outward and release the device 200.

Referring to FIGS. 6-10, multiple holders 100 may be layered or stacked to allow for various device thicknesses and weight ranges. Example of devices that the holder 100 can lock and retain include both a patient aperture 300 and a range compensator 400. The aperture 300 includes an aperture body 310 defining first and second retention features 312 and 314, repetitively. The range compensator 400 includes a range compensator body 410 defining first and second retention features 412 and 414, repetitively. The aperture 300 and the range compensator 400 are each held in lateral and longitudinal directions by the first and second retention features 312, 314, 412, and 414. The first retention features 312 and 412 are configured to engage and be received by the pivot feature 122 disposed on the holder 100. The second retention features 314 and 414 are configured to be received by the locking feature 134 of the catch 130. Both devices 300 and 400 are individually loaded and retained by the same features 122, 134 of the holder 100. The patient aperture 300 and the range compensator 400 both include a retention edge or rim 320 and 420, respectively, configured to be received by the groove 120 defined by the stationary yoke 110 for axial retention.

Referring to FIGS. 11-12, in this example, a proton applicator 500 includes an applicator base 510 and assembly applicator 520, which may be secured to the base 510. One or more holders, such as those described above, may be secured to the assembly applicator 520. In the example shown in FIG. 11, four holders 100 are stacked and secured on the assembly applicator 510. An applicator mount system 600 is used to mount the proton applicator 500 to a C-Inner Gantry (not shown). The applicator mount system 600 includes a base 610, a plurality of rollers 620 carried by the base 610 and exposed at a top surface 612 of the base 610, and an eccentric locking clamp (clamping bar) 630. The locking clamp holds the applicator in place during transport. When the locking clamp 630 is lowered, the applicator 500 may be rolled onto the applicator mount system 600 from an applicator transport cart 700 (see FIG. 18). As the applicator 500 is transferred from the cart 700 to the mount system 600, it is captured by dovetail features 640 on the base 610. The dovetail features 640 allow for course alignment and axial retention of the applicator 500. After the applicator 500 moves to the end of its travel, it comes to rest on stationary tooling ball alignment blocks 650 secured on the base 610.

Referring to FIGS. 12-13, the alignment blocks 650 are configured to interface with the tooling ball posts 550A (e.g., tooling balls) located on the applicator base 510. Two types of tooling ball alignment blocks 650 are mounted on the mount system base 610, a V-groove alignment block 650A defining a V-groove, and a cone alignment block 650B defining a conical receptacle. The V-groove alignment block 650A restrains the applicator 500 axially and the cone alignment block 650B positions and restrains the applicator 500 perpendicular to a load direction and axially. Both alignment blocks 650A, 650B act to restrain or position the applicator 500 in the load direction. The applicator base 510 defines a dovetail groove 540 configured to mate with the dovetail features 640 on the mount system base 610. The applicator base 510 defines roller grooves 512 configured to receive the mount system base rollers 620.

The eccentric locking clamp 630 is located on the opposite end of the mount system base 610 from the alignment blocks 650. The eccentric locking clamp 630 includes a clamping bar 632, a pair of V-groove alignment blocks 650A disposed on the clamping bar 632, a lock handle 634 connected to the clamping bar 632, and eccentric hinges 6000. The lock handle 634 (FIG. 16) includes a secondary release latch 636, which includes a secondary release block 636A secured to the base 610 and configured to retain a secondary release button 636B on the lock handle 634. When actuated, the eccentric locking clamp 630 imparts a clamping force onto the applicator base 510, locking the applicator 500 onto the applicator mount system 600. The eccentric hinging action of the locking clamp 630 has a rotational component that brings the clamp bar 632 into position against spring loaded tooling balls 550B on a side of the applicator base 510. The eccentric hinging action of the locking clamp 630 also has linear component that drives the clamp bar 632 and V-groove alignment blocks 650A forward to lock the applicator 500 into position.

FIG. 14 illustrates the eccentric hinge 6000 in a locked position. FIG. 15 illustrates the eccentric hinge 6000 in an un-locked position. The eccentric hinge 6000 includes a hinge block 6100 secured to the clamp bar 632 and placed over an eccentric cam 6200 secured to a shaft 6210. The hinge block 6100 defines a limitation slot 6110 which receives a cam protrusion 6212. The limitation slot 6110 is positioned to provide an over-center locking action to lock the clamp 630. In some examples, the hinge block 6100 defines a cam path 6112 which retains a dowel pin 6300 secured to the mount system base 610. The cam path 6112 controls the rotational travel limits of the hinge block 6100. The shaft 6210 is common to both eccentric cams 6200. The shape of the cam path 6112 allows for linear movement of the eccentric cam 6200. Rotation of the eccentric cam 6200 produces the linear force component that clamps the proton applicator 500 in place with accuracy and repeatability. Use of the eccentric cam 6200 provides a strong mechanical force advantage over a conventional non-eccentric clamp. The eccentric hinge 6000 includes an extension spring 6400 to control the timing of engagement of the eccentric cam 6200. The spring force is balanced, such that as the clamp bar 632 is rotating into the lock position the actuation of the linear movement of the eccentric cam 6200 is held back.

Referring to FIG. 16, when the hinge block 6100 and clamp bar 632 are at a rotational limit of travel, the linear component of the eccentric cam 6200 engages and locks the proton applicator 500 into position. To disengage the clamp 630, the same actions may be performed in reverse. Both forward and reverse movements may be controlled by the rotation of the lock handle 634. The lock handle 634 is locked into position with the aid of the secondary release latch 636 which is compression spring loaded. Engagement of the secondary release latch 636 into a secondary retaining block 637 latches the lock handle 634.

Referring to FIGS. 17-19, the applicator transport cart 700 may be used to transport and change proton applicators 500 onto and off of the C-Inner Gantry (CIG). The applicator transport cart 700 includes a support body 710 having a top portion 702 on which the proton applicator 500 rests. In one example, two different sized proton applicators 500 may be provided with a radiation beam delivery system: a large field proton applicator 500 (25 cm treatment field diameter) and a small field proton applicator 500 (14 cm treatment field diameter). Both proton applicators 500 are of significant weight and size and must be transported and changed safely by a radiation therapist. Changing of the proton applicators 500 should by completed in a timely manner in order to increase the number of patient treatments per day. Each proton applicator 500 may have a transport cart 700 that docks into a side of the CIG.

Referring to FIGS. 20-21, a docking interlock 720 prevents the transport cart 700 from backing out of the C-Inner Gantry while docked. The docking interlock 720 aligns the transport cart 700 both laterally and vertically with tapered protruding tongues 722 that dock into an associated slotted docking plate 822. The docking plate 822 resides on the CIG. The docking interlock 720 locks into the CIG with spring loaded ramped cams 724 that catch into the opposite side of the docking plate 822 with a retention surface 726. The transport cart 700 includes a plurality of rollers 730 disposed on the top portion 702 of the transport cart 700. The rollers 730 are positioned to support the proton applicator 500.

Referring to FIGS. 22-23, the transport cart 700 includes an applicator interlock 740 which retains the proton applicator 500 on the transport cart 700. In some implementations, the applicator interlock 740 includes at least one ramped spring loaded locking cam 742 disposed on the top portion 702 of the transport cart 700. An applicator release handle 744 on the transport cart 700 is configured to engage and disengage the cam(s) 740. As the proton applicator 500 is pushed onto the cart 700, the proton applicator 500 moves over the cam 742, pushing it down into the top portion 702 until the proton applicator 500 reaches an end of travel. At an end of travel, the ramped cam 742 is exposed and free to spring up to a spring biased position, holding the proton applicator 500 in place with a retention surface 746 on the ramped cam 742. The applicator interlock 740 is similar to the docking interlock 720 by utilizing similar types of ramped cam devices to lock a device into position.

To transfer the applicator 500 off the transport cart 700 and onto the applicator mount system 600, the eccentric locking clamp 630 of the applicator mount system 600 is disengaged to the un-locked position. The applicator release handle 744 on the transport cart 700 is disengaged and the therapist pushes the proton applicator 500 off the transport cart 700 and onto the applicator mount system 600. The proton applicator 500 travels on rollers 730 from the transport cart 700 to rollers 620 of the applicator mount system 600. The locking clamp 630 of the applicator mount system 600 is engaged into its locked position. The docking interlock 720 is disengaged (e.g. by an associated handle) and the transport cart 700 is released from the CIG and moved away to a storage area. Removing the proton applicator 500 involves similar steps as described above. However, when the proton applicator 500 is moved from the CIG to the transport cart 700 the user does not need to actuate the applicator release handle 742 on the transport cart 700.

The claims are not limited to the implementations described above. Elements of different implementations may be combined to form other implementations not specifically described herein.

Other implementations are within the scope of the following claims. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A system for providing a particle beam to a patient, comprising: a first device to limit horizontal application of the particle beam; a second device to provide vertical compensation for the first device relative to the patient, the second device comprising a mounting structure, and the first device being substantially aligned to the second device at the mounting structure; a stationary yoke comprising a first end and a second end, the stationary yoke attaching to the first device and the second device; and a catch arm attached pivotally secured to the first end of the yoke, the catch arm being configured to attach to the first device and the second device, and the catch arm being configured to pivot about the first end of the stationary yoke both towards, and away from, the mounting structure.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first device comprises a patient aperture having an area for inhibiting passage of the particle beam; and wherein the second device comprises a range compensator that affects a distance between the patient and the first device.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first device comprises first notch features and the mounting structure comprises second notch features, the first notch features aligning to the second notch features; and wherein the stationary yoke comprises a first structure configured to mate to the first notch features that are aligned and the catch arm comprises a second structure configured to mate to the second notch features that are aligned.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the first device, the second device, the stationary yoke, and the catch arm form an integrated structure; and wherein the system further comprises a C-shaped inner gantry on which the integrated structure is mounted.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the stationary yoke comprises an indicator switch to detect locked and unlocked positions of the catch arm.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the mounting structure comprises a rim and wherein the stationary yoke and the catch arm each comprise a groove to which the rim interfaces.
 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a catch arm locking feature defined by the yoke to inhibit rotation of the catch arm, the catch arm locking feature for engaging a catch arm lock, the catch arm lock comprising a latch plate that is positionable to engage the catch arm locking feature.
 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the catch arm locking feature is configured to spring bias the latch plate.
 9. The system of claim 7, further comprising at least one spring biased plunger on the stationary yoke and configured to urge the first device against the locking feature.
 10. A system for providing a particle beam to a patient, comprising: a structure to limit a delivery area of the particle beam to the patient, the structure comprising a rim and notches around the rim; and an arm having a shape that corresponds to a shape of at least part of a perimeter of the structure, the arm having a groove that mates to the rim and protrusions that mate to the notches, the arm comprising a first part and a second part, the first part being configured to pivot relative to the second part.
 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the structure comprises a patient aperture having an area for inhibiting passage of the particle beam; and wherein the structure comprises a range compensator that affects a distance between the patient and the first device.
 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the notches comprise first notches on the patient aperture and second notches on the range compensator, the first notches aligning to the second notches; and wherein the protrusions comprise a first protrusion configured to mate to the first notches that are aligned and a second protrusion configured to mate to the second notches that are aligned.
 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the structure and the arm form an integrated structure; and wherein the system further comprises a C-shaped inner gantry on which the integrated structure is mounted.
 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the arm comprises an indicator switch to detect locked and unlocked positions of the first part of the arm.
 15. The system of claim 10, further comprising at least one spring biased plunger on the second part of the arm.
 16. The system of claim 10, further comprising a catch arm locking feature defined by the arm to inhibit rotation of the first part, the catch arm locking feature for engaging a catch arm lock, the catch arm lock comprising a latch plate that is positionable to engage the catch arm locking feature.
 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the catch arm locking feature is configured to spring bias the latch plate. 